The Angry Espers

The novel first appeared in the August 1959 issue of Amazing Science Fiction Stories as A Taste of Fire.

Paul
Corban, an Ensign in the Galactic Space Navy, has been rescued from a
crash by a race of humanoid aliens. It turns out that the aliens have a
number of psionic abilities-- telepathy, teleportation, telekinesis--
along with a phobic hatred of any race not sharing those abilities. They
launch a war of extermination against Earth.